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Forensic science (often
shortened to forensics) is the application of a broad spectrum of
sciences to answer questions of interest to a legal system. This may be in
relation to a crime or a civil action. Besides its relevance to a legal
system, forensics encompasses the accepted scholarly or scientific
methodology and norms under which the facts regarding an event, or an
artifact, or some other physical item (such as a corpse) is ascertained as
being the case. The concept, therefore, is related to the notion of
authentication, whereby an interest outside of a legal form exists in
determining whether an object is what it purports to be, or is alleged as
being.
The word forensic comes from the Latin adjective forensis, meaning "of or
before the forum." In Roman times, a criminal charge meant presenting the
case before a group of public individuals in the forum. Both the person
accused of the crime and the accuser would give speeches based on their side
of the story. The individual with the best argument and delivery would
determine the outcome of the case. This origin is the source of the two
modern usages of the word forensic – as a form of legal evidence and as a
category of public presentation.
In modern use, the term "forensics" in place of "forensic science" can be
considered incorrect as the term "forensic" is effectively a synonym for
"legal" or "related to courts". However, the term is now so closely
associated with the scientific field that many dictionaries include the
meaning that equates the word "forensics" with "forensic science".
Private investigators with
specialized training and education may engage in various forms of forensic
investigations such as:
- Forensic accounting
- Forensic computer
investigations
- Forensic science
investigations
- Forensic document
investigations
- Environmental forensic
investigations
- Forensic crime scene
investigations
To hire a private investigator
that specializes in forensic investigations, please visit our
Private Investigator Directory.
Also, you may wish to post a message in our
Private Investigation Discussion
Forum.
Following are resources for
forensic investigations:
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Forensic
Accounting Books |
A collection of forensic
accounting books available on Amazon.com |
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Alan Barbour's Forensic Toxicology Page |
Links to experts,
laboratories, and forensic toxicology resources |
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American
Board of Forensic Odontology |
The American Board of Forensic
Odontology was organized in 1976 under the auspices of the National
Institute of Justice.
The ABFO is comprised of individuals who are national and world renowned
experts. The ABFO is recognized by the American Academy of Forensic
Sciences as a forensic specialty that offers board certification to its
members. |
|
American
Board of Forensic Toxicologists |
The objective of the
Board is to establish, enhance, and revise as necessary, standards of
qualification for those who practice forensic toxicology, and to certify
as qualified specialists those voluntary applicants who comply with the
requirements of the Board. |
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American
Society of Crime Laboratory Directors |
The ASCLD organization
is dedicated to providing excellence in forensic science analysis
through leadership in the management of forensic science |
|
American
Society of Questioned Document Examiners |
The purposes of the Society
and of its members are to foster education, sponsor scientific research,
establish standards, exchange experience, and provide instruction in the
field of questioned document examination, and to promote justice in
matters that involve questions about documents. |
|
American
Psychological Association |
Based in Washington, DC, the
American Psychological Association (APA) is a scientific and
professional organization that represents psychology in the United
States. With more than 150,000 members, APA is the largest association
of psychologists worldwide. |
|
American
Psychiatric Association |
The American Psychiatric
Association is a medical specialty society recognized world-wide. Its
over 35,000 U.S. and international member physicians work together to
ensure humane care and effective treatment for all persons with mental
disorders, including mental retardation and substance-related disorders.
It is the voice and conscience of modern psychiatry. Its vision is a
society that has available, accessible quality psychiatric diagnosis and
treatment. |
|
Canadian Psychological Association |
The Canadian Psychological
Association was organized in 1939 to improve the health and welfare of
all Canadians; to promote excellence and innovation in psychological
research, education, and practice; to promote the advancement,
development, dissemination, and application of psychological knowledge;
and to provide high-quality services to members. |
|
American Academy of Forensic
Psychology |
The American Academy of
Forensic Psychology (AAFP) is the education and training arm of the
American Board of Forensic Psychology (ABFP), which is responsible for
the diplomating process in forensic psychology. |
|
Annual
Reviews |
Annual Reviews publishes
authoritative, analytic reviews in 37 focused disciplines within the
Biomedical, Life, Physical, and Social Sciences. Annual Reviews
publications are among the most highly cited in scientific literature.
Annual Reviews offers publications in print and online to individuals,
institutions, and consortia throughout the world. |
|
Applied
Technical Services, Inc., |
America's Premier Private
Forensic Testing Organization |
|
Ats Lab |
ATS is a consulting
engineering firm with extensive testing services and inspection
capabilities. Since our founding in 1967, we have established a
reputation with business, industry, and the legal profession for
successfully uncovering facts in Metallurgy and Materials Testing,
Chemical Analysis, Non-destructive Testing, Forensic and Consulting
Engineering, Fire and Explosion Investigations, and Calibration
Services. |
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Crime & Clues |
Articles on the art and
science of criminal investigation, covering numerous types of evidence
including fingerprint, physical, testimonial, and behavioral. |
|
Forensic
Accounting Books |
A collection of forensic
accounting books from Amazon.com |
|
Forensic
Investigation Books |
A list of forensic
investigation books available from Amazon.com |
|
FBI Handbook
of Forensic Services |
The FBI Handbook of Forensic
Services |
|
Introduction to Forensic Firearms Identification |
Sometimes incorrectly referred
to as ballistics, firearms identification has as its primary concern the
identification of fired ammunition components (bullets, cartridge cases)
to a specific firearm. |
|
Native American DNA |
Native American and American
Indian DNA information and testing. |
|
National
Forensic Science Technology Center |
Dedicated to supporting
forensic science laboratories achieve the highest possible quality of
operations. |
|
Recover Passwords |
Provides decryption services
to recover lost passwords to encrypted computer files; a service in
demand by most investigators. |
|
Traffic Accident Reconstruction Origin |
Magazine for engineers and
police officers involved in the civil and criminal investigation of
automobile and truck collisions. |
|
Unshredder |
Unshredder is a simple program
that unleashes the power of a desktop computer to reduce the time
consumed by investigators reconstructing shredded documentary evidence.
Until now the only alternative to manual processing was to engage a
third party to process the work on computers at their premises. By
comparison to external processing of the evidence Unshredder reduces the
turnaround time, keeps full control of the investigation in-house and
there is less risk of a security risk or loss of the evidence. The
original shreds remain unchanged from the process and the integrity of
the original is captured electronically to be printed or dispatched
electronically by wire or disc. |
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